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I mean in the case of that story (at least as I understand you describe it), it's a bit of a Tragedy of the Commons -ish thing, innit?
That is, the person might have personally been safer if they'd reneged on their promise and killed the spiderling. But in so doing they'd be doing their part to make everything worse for everyone in the long run—no deals can be made, nor trust nor reconciliation achieved, if you can't trust anyone to keep their promises.
(I am deliberately ignoring for a moment the likelihood that the author intends the demons to be Just Evil™ without regards to circumstance, because that sort of artificial conclusion would be really boring with respect to this conversation)
Some of the "nice guys finish last" (noting that they certainly don't always) scenarios are indeed going to be approximately this—game-theory often says that you can make things a little better for yourself if you're willing to make everything a little bit worse for everyone. And, if everyone adopts the asshole approach, it doesn't fix any problems —the world just becomes increasingly unliveable.
So in that context, maybe the question shouldn't be "why do nice guys finish last", which isn't that mysterious. It should be rather "how do we get (ideally) everyone to be nice guys".
Something-something-thank-you-for-coming-to-my-ted-talk :'p
Edited by pokari, 28 February 2024 - 11:06 AM.