Okay, as the fleet of fog is made up of historical ships of WW2, I'll give you an overview of what the (original) ships were and what happened to them.
I will order them by the time they appeared or were mentioned in the story
This does not contain any spoilers of the story, it is only the background of the ships at the time they were activa in WW2
The links all lead to the wikipedia- articles of the ships
The history of I-401 is pretty much identical to the history of I-400 and I-402
Note:
The location where it got sunk in the manga is pretty much the same location where it sunk in WW2
IXD2-type U-boat U-181, later renamed into I-501
No, I didn't write it wrong, the I-501 was originally a german submarine, the japanese made use of it after Germany lost the war
Kongou- class battlecruiser Kongou
Yamato- class Battleship Yamato
Kongo- class Battleship Haruna
Kongo- class Battleship Kirishima
Yamato- class battleship Musashi
German supply U-boat "Milchkuh"
Nagato- class battleship Nagato
Bismarck class battleship Bismarck
Asashio- class destroyer Kasumi
Shokaku- class aircraft carrier Zuikaku
Renown- class battlecruiser Repulse
King george V-class battleship Prince of Wales
Kagero- class destroyer Yukikaze
I will add more of the fog ships to the list as soon as they appear in the story