So what is the problem, and what is her solution? All I understand is that there is a large demand for earth dimension products by noble women. The rest I don't get at all.
Like, "can't sell it here" "don't have stock either" So they don't have anything to sell? Or refuse to sell from that location for some reason? In what sense do they mean deposit? How can anything be deposited if there is nothing to sell?
She says common sense, but more like gibberish from beginning to end.
If you ever read Spice and wolf, you would get this part. But since modern trading rarely ever do this, I guess i'll explain to some degree. First, silk is a rare product, for the GATE world that is. However, the first merchant wants to transport the goods, sell it, then return back to the base. Elements gets lost through translation, especially the specifics when it requires some experience in the area, so don't blame the translators. Anyways, the one who owns it doesn't want to hand it over, since the 2nd one, the one trying to sell it to the noblewomen, might just skip off with all the profits, and never return.
The solution to the problem that the Elf gave, was for the guy at the place to give a portion of the predicted profit right then and there. Then he would go out and sell the satin to anybody who wants it, at a higher rate. Then, even if the guy skips out and runs away with the profit, the first guy wouldn't lose everything, he would just lose out on a portion of the profit. Of course, this implies that the first guy pays a significant amount of money to begin with. I'm assuming that the author wanted to show that she had a half wit of intelligence, because it really was common sense, and that the merchants are portrayed as idiots.
Of course, people nowadays just pay up, and if you can't pay, you pay with a credit card and put it on your tab.
Commit him? What could they mean? Only meaning I know of the word in this kind of usage is a insane asylum or treatment center, but that doesn't make sense in context, his actions were not that of insanity.
Some things are translation errors, I'm just assuming for this one. I think what they meant to say was "convict him", as that fits better into the script, plus, both sounds, and looks the same (to some degree). Remember, translators are not perfect.
Why would they want to control and burn translation books?
http://vatoto.com/read/_/197838/gate-thus-the-jsdf-fought-there_ch28v2_by_ak-scanlations/12
Rather then get the book from her and try to learn the language, why not just have her translate?
As Einfies said, language is a very powerful thing, it's like, say, English suddenly being the 100% desired language in, say, Rural china. To prevent misunderstanding, they would have to learn it directly, with help with a book. The reason why they wanted you to burn it at the end, from my understanding, was to prevent anybody outside of that area from learning that language, else the existence of translators would no longer exist. Also, as for why not to just let her translate, it depends on who you're referring to as "her". If your talking about the one who learns the language, that's what they're doing, to make it so that there's one representative from each area, and making them take the translation job, rather than force everybody to learn. It's like China telling Australia "OK GUYS, YOU GOTTA LEARN OUR LANGUAGE" while instead Australia can just send one guy to China, learn the language, and then have that guy be the mediator.
As for the elf being a pervert thing, I think that guy was just thirsty, and the clothes looked for attention. Plus, I guess he thought he was handsome, but was rejected by all the prostitute, and was looking for one last person that looked like they wouldn't mind.
As for how one can see through cloth... well, she is an elf after all, I guess something along the way. As for the prostitute thing, he was rejected by all the prostitute, and therefore was sent into depression after even she rejected him. Small penius just meant that she thought he couldn't do her at all.